To understand peace, one must first understand the dynamics of violence.

A useful visual for understanding violence is the iceberg.

The iceberg is a mass of ice that floats in the ocean.

What is invisible below the surface of the water is larger

and more deadly than what is visible to the sailor’s eye.

If we compare violence to this iceberg,

what is visible above the surface is known as direct violence.

What is invisible and much deadlier is known as structural and cultural violence.

Examples of direct violence are killing, shooting, bombing, torture, rape, and so on.

Some examples of structural violence are nationalism, racism, sexism, and so forth.

Cultural violence is even deeper than structural violence and more difficult to uproot.

It exists in cultural narratives, national anthems, bedtime stories, legends and so on.

Cultural violence exists to justify direct and structural violence.

Many journalists, editors, scholars and even conflict workers

use the terms’conflict’ and ‘violence’ synonymously.

It is very important to make a distinction.

Many think that peacebuilders believe that a world without conflict is possible.

In actuality, peacebuilders understand that conflict is a natural and necessary aspect of life.

It is what we do with the conflict that produces either violence or peace.

So what is peace?

Just as we can distinguish between different types of violence,

we can distinguish different types of peace as well.

A peace which exists due to the eradication of direct violence is known as negative peace.

Negative peace might take the form of a ceasefire,

or the victory of one party over another in war.

This type of peace does not address structural and cultural violence

and may only last temporarily.

The process of addressing and uprooting structural and cultural violence is

positive peace.

Positive peace takes many forms like Peace Education, Peace Journalism,

dialogue, reconciliation, truth commissions, and so on.

What we are interested in here is a media for peacebuilding.

Please continue to the next section, “2. Peace Journalism Model

12 Responses to “1. Peace & Conflict Theory”

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    Reply
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  3. arjun raj says:

    it is the basic knowledge everyone need to acquire. we need absolute peace not piece of peace.

    Reply
  4. azhar says:

    In today’s world even a piece of peace is a blessing, if you can find one.

    Reply
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